Drug testing is an effective tool for employers who want to deter workers from using illicit drugs. Generally, independent laboratories are contracted to conduct drug screens to ensure a safe and productive workplace. Detecting alcohol and controlled substances can be done by collecting breath, blood, urine, saliva or hair samples. In each case, specimens are carefully collected, identified and evaluated to prevent contamination and false test results.

Employers regulated by federal drug testing programs are required to use only urine samples for testing of drugs. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations require breath analysis to detect alcohol use. Companies wishing to comply with their states workers’ compensation guidelines should check to verify what kind of drug and alcohol tests are required.

Most employers test applicants before employment in one or more of the following situations:

• During an annual physical;
• Before promotions or transfers;
• Before being placed in (or routinely while in) positions involving money, security or safety;
• After accidents;
• Following treatment;
• Under reasonable suspicion;
• On a random basis.

Properly conducted drug screens are professionally administered in a clinical setting and the results are forwarded confidentially to the employer. Positive test results require further testing to ensure the accuracy of the initial result. Employees who have confirmed positive test results for alcohol or illicit drugs may be required to undergo drug treatment or counseling as a condition of continued employment.

If you are an employer needing additional information about reducing drugs in the workplace or locating laboratories providing drug testing services, visit www.drugfreeworkplaces.org .